Journals

From BrainImagingCenter

Recent Journal Issues of Interest to Dartmouth fMRI Community

Latest Issue of Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

A Brain Mechanism for Facilitation of Insight by Positive Affect

Subramaniam, KKounios, JParrish, TBJungBeeman, M

An Event-related Potential Study on Changes of Violation and Error Responses during Morphosyntactic Learning

Davidson, DJIndefrey, P

Familiarity or Conceptual Priming: Event-related Potentials in Name Recognition

Stenberg, GHellman, JJohansson, MRosen, I

Retrieval Processes Supporting Judgments of Recency

Grove, KLWilding, EL

On Why Left Events are the Right Ones: Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Left-hemifield Advantage in Rapid Serial Visual Presentation

Verleger, RSprenger, AGebauer, SFritzmannova, MFriedrich, MKraft, SJaskowski, P

The Common Neural Basis of Autobiographical Memory, Prospection, Navigation, Theory of Mind, and the Default Mode: A Quantitative Meta-analysis

Spreng, RNMar, RAKim, ASN

Distinctive Neural Mechanisms Supporting Visual Object Individuation and Identification

Xu, Y

Nonlinear Amygdala Response to Face Trustworthiness: Contributions of High and Low Spatial Frequency Information

Said, CPBaron, SGTodorov, A

Effects of Psychostimulants on Alertness and Spatial Bias in Healthy Participants

Dodds, CMuller, UManly, T

Retrieval from Episodic Memory: Neural Mechanisms of Interference Resolution

Wimber, MRutschmann, RMGreenlee, MWBauml, KH

The Attentional Blink Reveals Serial Working Memory Encoding: Evidence from Virtual and Human Event-related Potentials

Craston, PWyble, BChennu, SBowman, H

The Long Road to Automation: Neurocognitive Development of Letter-Speech Sound Processing

Froyen, DJWBonte, MLvanAtteveldt, NBlomert, L

Working Memory Retrieval: Contributions of the Left Prefrontal Cortex, the Left Posterior Parietal Cortex, and the Hippocampus

Oztekin, IMcElree, BStaresina, BPDavachi, L

Neural Correlates of Stereotype Application

Mitchell, JPAmes, DLJenkins, ACBanaji, MR

Hemisphere-specific Episodic Memory Networks in the Human Brain: A Correlation Study between Intracarotid Amobarbital Test and [18FFDG-PET]

Akanuma, NReed, LJMarsden, PKJarosz, JAdachi, NHallett, WAAlarcon, GMorris, RGKoutroumanidis, M

Nature Neuroscience - Issue - nature.com science feeds

Focus on social neuroscience

We present a special focus on social neuroscience, bringing together several strands of research to highlight recent progress in the field.

Is the reward really worth it?

Steven W Kennerley How does the brain evaluate whether the benefits of a decision outweigh the costs? A study now reveals that neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex encode costs and benefits, and altering brain activity here biases choices away from negative outcomes. These results link anterior cingulate cortex with the regulation of emotional states.

Astrocytes join the plasticity party

David J Rossi In the developing cortex, spike timing?dependent long-term depression requires cannabinoid-induced glutamate release from astrocytes. Astrocytes may be integral to the coincidence detection that guides plasticity and map formation.

Fat incites tanycytes to neurogenesis

Marcelo O DietrichTamas L Horvath Tanycytes in the hypothalamic median eminence have now been found to form a metabolically sensitive neurogenic niche in the brain. In adult mice, tanycytes give rise to hypothalamic regulatory neurons in response to a high-fat diet.

On the scent of mitochondrial calcium

Frank Zufall Odorants are now shown to elevate mitochondrial Ca2+ in sensory neurons; moreover, blocking this Ca2+ sequestration impairs dynamic range. Acute stimulation rapidly recruits mitochondria from the soma to the dendritic knob.

The roots of modern justice: cognitive and neural foundations of social norms and their enforcement

Joshua W BuckholtzRen� Marois This commentary reviews the neural processes underpinning the learning of social norms, as well the enforcement of these norms through second-party and third-party punishment. The authors suggest how these structures may have formed during our evolutionary history.

Neural mechanisms of social risk for psychiatric disorders

Andreas Meyer-LindenbergHeike Tost This review discusses how social factors modulate risks for mental disorders, and the neural systems that implement this modulation.

Social neuroscience and health: neurophysiological mechanisms linking social ties with physical health

Naomi I EisenbergerSteve W Cole Although the relationship between social factors and physical health outcomes is well-recognized, the modulatory role of neural processing in this link is less well understood. This perspective describes the way in which neurophysiological processes respond to social connection and disconnection to influence health outcomes.

The neuroscience of empathy: progress, pitfalls and promise

Jamil ZakiKevin Ochsner In this perspective, the authors critically evaluate the research on the neural systems supporting empathy.

The animal and human neuroendocrinology of social cognition, motivation and behavior

Cade McCallTania Singer How does the neuroendocrine system modulate social behavior? The authors review animal as well as human work that aims to answer this question, and suggest ways to advance further research.

Social influences on neuroplasticity: stress and interventions to promote well-being

Richard J DavidsonBruce S McEwen This review describes how both negative and positive social factors, ranging from stress to meditation, affect brain structure and functioning.

microRNA-9 regulates axon extension and branching by targeting Map1b in mouse cortical neurons

Federico Dajas-BailadorBoyan BonevPatricia GarcezPeter StanleyFrancois GuillemotNancy Papalopulu This paper reports that microRNA-9 controls axonal extension and branching of cortical neurons via its actions on the MAP1B protein.

Tanycytes of the hypothalamic median eminence form a diet-responsive neurogenic niche

Daniel A LeeJoseph L BedontThomas PakHong WangJuan SongAna Miranda-AnguloVani TakiarVanessa CharubhumiFrancesca BalordiHirohide TakebayashiSusan AjaEric FordGordon FishellSeth Blackshaw The authors describe a neurogenic niche in the postnatal hypothalamus of mice wherein ?2-tanycytes generate neurons in response to high-fat diet. Blocking this neurogenesis leads to attenuated weight gain and increased activity levels.

NgR1 and NgR3 are receptors for chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans

Travis L DickendesherKatherine T BaldwinYevgeniya A MironovaYoshiki KoriyamaStephen J RaikerKim L AskewAndrew WoodC�dric G GeoffroyBinhai ZhengClaire D LiepmannYasuhiro KatagiriLarry I BenowitzHerbert M GellerRoman J Giger In this study, the authors show that NgR1 and NgR3 can act as functional receptors for chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), mediating inhibition of axonal growth and regeneration. This suggests a convergent mechanism for CSPG- and myelin-associated inhibitor activities after axonal injury in the CNS.

An evolutionary recent neuroepithelial cell adhesion function of huntingtin implicates ADAM10-Ncadherin

Valentina Lo SardoChiara ZuccatoGermano GaudenziBarbara VitaliCatarina RamosMarzia TartariMichael A MyreJames A WalkerAnna PistocchiLuciano ContiMarta ValenzaBinia DrungBoris SchmidtJames GusellaScott ZeitlinFranco CotelliElena Cattaneo In this paper, the authors show that, in the non-diseased state, the huntingtin protein promotes homotypic interactions between neuroepithelial cells, a process that is critical for proper neurulation.

Negative regulation of glial engulfment activity by Draper terminates glial responses to axon injury

Mary A LoganRachel HackettJohnna DohertyAmy SheehanSean D SpeeseMarc R Freeman The engulfment receptor Draper is known to promote glial clearance of degenerating neurons in Drosophila, and this action of Draper is mediated by Src kinase. This study now shows that one of three Draper isoforms, namely Draper-II, negatively regulates glial clearance and acts in opposition to pro-clearance Draper-I.

Netrin (UNC-6) mediates dendritic self-avoidance

Cody J SmithJoseph D WatsonMiri K VanHovenDaniel A Col�n-RamosDavid M Miller Dendrites from the same neuron avoid each other through a mechanism involving cell surface proteins that trigger mutual repulsion. Here the authors show that the soluble axon guidance cue Netrin (UNC-6) drives sister dendrite self-avoidance in the PVD nociceptive neuron in C. elegans.

VAMP4 directs synaptic vesicles to a pool that selectively maintains asynchronous neurotransmission

Jesica RaingoMikhail KhvotchevPei LiuFrederic DariosYing C LiDenise M O RamirezMegumi AdachiPhilippe LemieuxKatalin TothBazbek DavletovEge T Kavalali The authors show that the SNARE protein VAMP4 acts to maintain calcium-dependent asynchronous synaptic vesicle release. These findings suggest that VAMP4 is functionally distinct from synaptobrevin2, which primarily drives fast, synchronous release.

Astrocyte signaling controls spike timing?dependent depression at neocortical synapses

Rogier MinThomas Nevian This study shows that spike timing?dependent depression between excitatory neurons requires endocannabinoid-mediated calcium signaling and glutamate release from nearby astrocytes, revealing that they are key elements in cortical plasticity.

Mitochondrial Ca2+ mobilization is a key element in olfactory signaling

Daniela FlueggeLisa M MoellerAnnika CichyMonika GorinAgnes WethSophie VeitingerSilvia CainarcaStefan LohmerSabrina CorazzaEva M NeuhausWerner BaumgartnerJennifer SpehrMarc Spehr Cytosolic Ca2+ is known to control the gain and sensitivity of signaling in the olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) through several molecular mechanisms. Here the authors find that mitochondrial Ca2+ mobilization is another critical component of OSN neuronal function, ensuring a broad dynamic response range and maintaining the sensitivity of the spike generation machinery.

Oscillatory dynamics in the hippocampus support dentate gyrus?CA3 coupling

Thomas AkamIris OrenLaura MantoanEmily FerencziDimitri M Kullmann This study examines the phase response curves of gamma oscillations induced by carbachol or optogenetic stimulation in the hippocampal CA3 network. The authors report that distinct inputs differentially entrain the gamma oscillation in accordance with the relative drive to excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the circuit.

Control of timing, rate and bursts of hippocampal place cells by dendritic and somatic inhibition

S�bastien RoyerBoris V ZemelmanAttila LosonczyJinhyun KimFrances ChanceJeffrey C MageeGy�rgy Buzs�ki The authors conduct simultaneous recording and optogenetic silencing of PV or SOM interneurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in head-fixed mice actively moving a treadmill belt. They report that these interneurons have distinct roles in controlling the rate, burst and timing of hippocampal pyramidal cells.

Localized microstimulation of primate pregenual cingulate cortex induces negative decision-making

Ken-ichi AmemoriAnn M Graybiel In this paper, the authors present evidence for spatially overlapping populations of neurons representing positive and negative subjective value in the primate pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pACC) during an approach-avoidance task. However, in one subzone of the pACC, negative coding predominated, and microstimulation in this subzone increased negative decision-making, a bias that was blocked by anti-anxiety drug treatment.

Mapping value based planning and extensively trained choice in the human brain

Klaus WunderlichPeter DayanRaymond J Dolan Using a combination of fMRI in humans and computational modeling, the authors show that different striatal nuclei encode different kinds of decision-making information. The anterior caudate nucleus encodes the value of individual steps in a decision tree, whereas the putamen encodes values learnt during extensive training.

A toolbox of Cre-dependent optogenetic transgenic mice for light-induced activation and silencing

Linda MadisenTianyi MaoHenner KochJia-min ZhuoAntal BerenyiShigeyoshi FujisawaYun-Wei A HsuAlfredo J GarciaXuan GuSebastien ZanellaJolene KidneyHong GuYimei MaoBryan M HooksEdward S BoydenGy�rgy Buzs�kiJan Marino RamirezAllan R JonesKarel SvobodaXue HanEric E TurnerHongkui Zeng This study describes the generation of knock-in mouse lines that express optogenetic activators or silencers in a CRE recombinase?dependent manner, and demonstrates the reliability and utility of these tools with in vivo and ex vivo light-induced activation and silencing of neuronal activity.